SpringBoot使用@SpringBootTest注解开发单元测试教程
目录
概述
1.添加依赖：
2. 编写启动入口类
3. 编写Controller类
4. 编写service类
5. 编写mapper类
6. 编写测试类
7.测试结果：
概述
@SpringBootTest注解是SpringBoot自1.4.0版本开始引入的一个用于测试的注解。基本用法如下：
1.添加依赖：
<project xmlns=" xmlns:xsi=" xsi:schemaLocation="
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.cxh.test</groupId>
<artifactId>generator</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.1.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!-- spring boot web 依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 修改后立即生效，热部署 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 视图 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- mybatis 依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.3.0</version>
</dependency>
<!-- mysql 依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.0.4</version>
</dependency>
<!-- alibaba的druid数据库连接池 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.1.9</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Camden.SR6</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build/>
</project>
2. 编写启动入口类
package com.cxh.study.platform;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
/**
*
* @desciption
* @author ChenXiHua
*
*/
@SpringBootApplication
public class GeneratorApp {
/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(GeneratorApp.class, args);
}
}
3. 编写Controller类
package com.cxh.study.platform;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
/**
*
* @desciption
* @author ChenXiHua
*
*/
@SpringBootApplication
public class GeneratorApp {
/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(GeneratorApp.class, args);
}
}
4. 编写service类
package com.cxh.study.platform.service;
import java.util.List;
import com.cxh.study.platform.entity.User;
public interface IUserService {
// 获取所有用户
List<User> getAll();
// 根据id获取用户
User getUserById(Integer id);
}
package com.cxh.study.platform.service.impl;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import com.cxh.study.platform.entity.User;
import com.cxh.study.platform.mapper.IUserMapper;
import com.cxh.study.platform.service.IUserService;
@Service("userServiceImpl")
public class UserServiceImpl implements IUserService {
@Autowired
private IUserMapper userMapper;
@Override
public List<User> getAll() {
return userMapper.getAll();
}
@Override
public User getUserById(Integer id) {
return userMapper.getUserById(id);
}
}
5. 编写mapper类
package com.cxh.study.platform.mapper;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;
import com.cxh.study.platform.entity.User;
@Mapper
public interface IUserMapper {
//获取所有用户
List<User>getAll();
//根据id获取用户
User getUserById(Integer id);
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" " >
<mapper namespace="com.cxh.study.platform.mapper.IUserMapper" >
<!--获取所有用户 -->
<select id="getAll" resultType="com.cxh.study.platform.entity.User">
SELECT * FROM s_user
</select>
<!-- 根据id获取单个用户 -->
<select id="getUserById" parameterType="java.lang.Integer" resultType="com.cxh.study.platform.entity.User">
SELECT * FROM s_user
where id=#{id}
</select>
</mapper>
6. 编写测试类
package com.cxh.test;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.List;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.LocalServerPort;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.boot.test.web.client.TestRestTemplate;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import com.cxh.study.platform.GeneratorApp;
import com.cxh.study.platform.entity.User;
/**
*
* @desciption 用户管理测试类
* @author ChenXiHua
* @date 2019年2月19日
*
*/
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = GeneratorApp.class, webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
public class UserTest {
/**
* @LocalServerPort 提供了 @Value("${local.server.port}") 的代替
*/
@LocalServerPort
private int port;
private URL base;
@Autowired
private TestRestTemplate restTemplate;
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
String url = String.format(" port);
System.out.println(String.format("port is : [%d]", port));
this.base = new URL(url);
}
/**
* 向"/test"地址发送请求，并打印返回结果
* @throws Exception
*/
//@Test
public void test1() throws Exception {
ResponseEntity<String> response = this.restTemplate.getForEntity(
this.base.toString() + "/test", String.class, "");
System.out.println(String.format("测试结果为：%s", response.getBody()));
}
//@Test
public void getAllTest() throws Exception {
ResponseEntity<List> response = this.restTemplate.getForEntity(
this.base.toString() + "/getAll", List.class, "");
System.out.println(String.format("测试结果为：%s", response.getBody()));
}
@Test
public void getUserByIdTest() throws Exception {
ResponseEntity<User> response = this.restTemplate.getForEntity(
this.base.toString() + "/getUserById?id=1", User.class, "");
System.out.println(String.format("测试结果为：%s", response.getBody().toString()));
}
}
其中，classes属性指定启动类，SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT经常和测试类中@LocalServerPort一起在注入属性时使用。会随机生成一个端口号。
7.测试结果：
2019-02-19 16:18:27.933 INFO 6676 --- [ main] com.cxh.test.UserTest : Started UserTest in 25.637 seconds (JVM running for 27.647)
port is : [14067]
2019-02-19 16:18:31.366 INFO 6676 --- [o-auto-1-exec-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/] : Initializing Spring FrameworkServlet 'dispatcherServlet'
2019-02-19 16:18:31.367 INFO 6676 --- [o-auto-1-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet : FrameworkServlet 'dispatcherServlet': initialization started
2019-02-19 16:18:31.462 INFO 6676 --- [o-auto-1-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet : FrameworkServlet 'dispatcherServlet': initialization completed in 95 ms
测试结果为：User [id=1, account=cxh, password=123, type=1, status=1]
2019-02-19 16:18:35.326 INFO 6676 --- [ Thread-5] ationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext : Closing org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@191004a: startup date [Tue Feb 19 16:18:05 CST 2019]; root of context hierarchy
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